HW#2 (phy252s winter/spring 2004-5)

Important Note

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1. Partition Function Z

(a) Consider a molecule which has energy levels En=c|n| , where n is a vector with integer components. Compute the partition function for a one-dimensional ideal gas of such molecules. Show that the average energy (assuming large temperature compared to the difference between adjacent energy levels) gives U=kBT . This is twice what was obtained for the non-relativistic molecules we studied in class.
(b) Take c=0.5eV. For a lab-sized box of gas of our molecules, estimate the temperature (in Kelvins) at which the assumption of part (a) breaks down.
(c) Find the entropy. Figure out if this expression breaks down at low temperature. Are the two breakdown temperatures of (b) and (c) similar? Why or why not?

2. Fluctuations

Even though distribution functions are very peaky about the thermal average, fluctuations do occur at finite N. In this problem we'll work out some properties of fluctuations.
(a) Do KK 3.4: Energy Fluctuations. (Be very explicit about explaining each step you make in writing your solution, conceptual or mathematical.)
(b) Then, [after we've covered phonons on wed-09-feb!] do KK4.13, Energy Fluctuations in a Solid at Low Temperature.


3. Heat Shielding

Do KK4.8. [You'll need info from the lecture of mon-07-feb.] Also, try to prove the formula KK talks about, for general number of shields N.


4.


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